Historical Context

• What: The Carnation Revolution had begun when military wanted to overthrow the government, the Estado Novo, in hopes of creating a democracy. The military formed the Movimento das Forcas Armadas("Armed Forces Movement").The coup had started out with just the military, but eventually citizens from the streets began to join in the democratic movement in hopes of overthrowing the dictatorship.
  
• Where: The Carnation Revolution took place in Lisbon, Portugal.
• When: The Carnation Revolution occurred on April 25, 1974.
• Why; The Carnation Revolution occurred because an organization named the Armed Forces Movement composed of military officers and civilians, opposed the rule of the Second Republic,Estado Novo, and they had decided to overthrow the government in hopes of starting a democracy.
• How: The Carnation Revolution started when the Armed Forces Movement began to march on the streets wearing red carnations on their uniforms and having red carnations on their rifle's muzzle. Eventually, civilians started joining in and the Second Republic surrendered with little to no resistance. 

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Goals

The goals of the Carnation Revolution were to overthrow the Estado Novo, also known as the Second Republic. The Armed Forces Movement wanted to create a democracy and end the dictatorship rule. After 50 years of being ruled by a dictatorship, the military thought it was time for a change in the government and thus had created the Armed Forces Movement. Their goal was to overthrow the dictator Marcello Caetano. The military and citizens of Portugal wanted to overthrow the government because they were restricting the citizens civil liberties and political freedoms. They also wanted to put an end to the Colonial War which was putting thousands of soldiers' lives at risk.

Tactics/
Strategies/
leaders

The name Carnation Revolution comes from the fact that almost no shots were fired during this movement and carnations were put into the muzzles of rifles and uniforms from the Armed Forces Movement. During the movement, there were only 4 casualties. The leaders of this movement were General António Spínola, Otelo Saraiva, and Salgueiro Maia. It is speculated that Francisco de Costa Gomes had also taken part in leading the movement. The revolution was interesting because the strategies that were used did not consist of any violence. Instead, their strategy consisted of the military marching through the streets possessing red carnations in hopes of overrunning the government. The movement had ended when the Second Republic surrendered to the Armed Forces movement. The movement took around a day to be over and for the government to become a democracy.

Outcomes

The outcomes of the Carnation Revolution were that the Second Republic was overthrown and it wasthe beginning of a democratic government. The Carnation Revolution ended European colonialism in Africa. Once the dictatorship was ended, a new government was created which pledged to transition to democracy and protect the rights of the people. The government consisted of a committee of military officers headed by General Antonio Spinola. Although a democracy had begun, the government was unstable and would require time to build the democracy. However, the Carnation Revolution had marked the beginning of a democracy in Portugal. The Carnation Revolution is celebrated as Portugal's freedom day on April 25 of each year. 

Bibliography
http://www.nbcnews.com/news/europe/portugal-honors-april-25-revolution-worlds-coolest-coup-n89666
https://freedomhouse.org/blog/remembering-portugals-carnation-revolution
http://adst.org/2015/04/the-carnation-revolution-a-peaceful-coup-in-portugal/
https://mondediplo.com/2004/04/15mozambique
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/25/newsid_4754000/4754581.stm
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Revolution-of-the-Carnations